His father, Ali Khamenei, built the supreme leader’s office into an institution that does not depend on a single leader.


Kayhan Valadbaygi is a Research Fellow at the International Institute of Social History (IISH) in Amsterdam and CEO of Middle East Risk & Reform Advis...ory.
His father, Ali Khamenei, built the supreme leader’s office into an institution that does not depend on a single leader.

Two decades of economic changes have eroded the bazaar’s economic power and political sway in Tehran.
